Submitted: 28 Dec 2016
Accepted: 22 Apr 2017
ePublished: 24 May 2017
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Int J Phytocos Nat Ingred. 2017;4(1): 3.
doi: 10.15171/ijpni.2017.03
  Abstract View: 7436
  PDF Download: 4113

Original Research

Mycelia from Pleurotus sp. (oyster mushroom): a new wave of antimicrobials, anticancer and antioxidant bio-ingredients

Humberto J. Morris 1*, Yaixa Beltrán 1, Gabriel Llauradó 1, Pedro L. Batista 2, Isabelle Perraud-Gaime 3, Nora García 1, Serge Moukha 4, Rosa C. Bermúdez 1, Paul Cos 5, Edgar Hernández 6, José C. Diez 7

1 Center for Studies on Industrial Biotechnology, University of Oriente, Cuba
2 Center of Toxicology and Biomedicine (TOXIMED), Medical University of Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
3 Mediterranean Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Aix Marseille University, France
4 Laboratory of Toxicology and Applied Hygiene/ INRA, Bordeaux, France
5 Laboratory for Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
6 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Canada
7 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Alcalá de Henares, Spain

Abstract

Introduction: There has been an upsurge of interest in mushrooms, such as Pleurotus species, as an important source of bioactive compounds. Mycelia-submerged culture represents a promising approach to search new safe and healthy myco-products with standardized quality in addition to mushroom fruiting bodies.

Methods: The study examined the in vitro antimicrobial, antitumor and antioxidant activities of a hot-water extract from Pleurotus sp. mycelium. The antimicrobial activity was screened through the activation of the microbial autolytic system of four bacteria and four yeast strains. The anti-proliferative effects on NB4 human leukemia cells were measured by flow-cytometry analyses. The antioxidant activity was investigated by the scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals, the reducing power and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

Results: The extract activated the microbial autolytic system of eight strains: 7 autolyzing strains with intensity values (Is) ranging from 2.7% in Candida sp. to 36.1% in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thus, the microbial autolytic system of the strains tested (including Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as yeasts) could be activated in vitro by mycelial extract. Pleurotus extract reduced the viability of NB4 leukemia cells, particularly at the concentration of 200 μg/mL to 82% compared to control cells, and induced apoptosis demonstrated by an increase in annexin V-FITC+ cells (25% at 200 μg/mL). At 10 mg/mL, the extract showed the most potent scavenging effects for DPPH and ABTS radicals (96% and 55%, respectively) and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (52%). The mushroom extract at 5 mg/mL manifested reducing power of 1.105. Although carbohydrates (76.8%, w/w) appear to be the most important bioactive compounds, secondary metabolites, like phenolics, would also con- tribute to the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities.

Conclusion: The hot-water extract obtained from Pleurotus mycelium, in light of its in vitro antimicrobial, antitumor and antioxidant effects could be considered a good candidate for developing nutraceuticals and for designing innovative myco-therapeutics and phytocosmetics applications.

Keywords: Anticancer, Antimicrobials, Antioxidant, Nutraceuticals, Pleurotus, Phytocosmetics
Please cite this paper as: Morris HJ, Beltrán Y, Llauradó G, et al. Mycelia from Pleurotus sp. (oyster mushroom): a new wave of antimicrobials, anticancer and antioxidant bio-ingredients. Int J Phytocos Nat Ingred. 2017;4:3. doi:10.15171/ijpni.2017.03.
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